Qian Xuesen (1911-2009) photo credit:Lflwlou

Time, Among Other Things

A Tribute to Qian Xuesen, the Founder of Chinese Rocketry by artist Richard Clar

Qian Xuesen (1911-2009) [1] was born in Hangzhou, China. In 1935, at the age of 24, Xuesen left China for the United States to study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) earning a Master of Science degree in mechanical engineering. One year later, he enrolled at the California Institute of Technology under the tutelage of Professor Theodore Von Karman [2]. His doctoral thesis in 1938 was: Problems in Motion of Compressible Fluids and Reaction Propulsion. Qian Xuesen became the Robert H. Goddard Professor in 1949 and was a member of the team that founded The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) [3]. He was the founder of engineering cybernetics. Suspected by U.S. intelligence of engaging in communist activities, Xuesen found himself placed under house arrest in 1950 for five years [4]. Granted permission to leave the U.S. in 1955, after his unjust treatment by the government, he returned to China vowing to never again return to America.

Time, Among Other Things is an analogous tribute to Qian Xuesen historic unexpected life's journey. Connected in a strong sense both spiritually and philosophically, Time, Among Other Things addresses some of the universal aspects of space and time and the human experience. It is a poetic site-specific, interdisciplinary, artwork created with the thought in mind for integration into a future Chinese satellite or spacecraft. The first choice being a spacecraft intended for a Moon or Mars landing.

Time, Among Other Things consists of two elements:

The first element is a silver Chinese Market Export [4] pocket watch (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4) made in Switzerland by Bovet Fleurier, circa 1830, with a most beautifully engraved and gold-washed skeletonized movement (Figs. 5, 6). It is hand wound with a key (circa 1830).

This watch was given to me many years ago by my maternal grandmother, who lived in Stockton, California [5], it was a very special gift; one that is dear to my heart and something I have treasured as long as it has been in my possession. Previous to her ownership of this watch, it belonged to my great-grandfather, also from Stockton, California. The watch, pictured here, pre-dates the California Goldrush according to an employee of Bovet Fleurier in Switzerland. Stockton, California was one of the three gateways cities to the Mother Lode during the 1849 California Goldrush and had a large Chinese population.

Bovet Fleurier Switzerland, manufactured Chinese Export Market pocket watches from 1830 to 1860 [6]. They are mechanical measurements of time, and the hidden beauty of the interior of the watch, makes it fascinating to observe the watches movement in action. This watch took a mysterious journey from Switzerland to China, and then to Stockton, California. Next, it will go back to China, and finally at some point, a future destination somewhere in space.  

The second element is a fragment of the Allende Meteorite [7] (1969) (Fig. 7), a Carbonaceous Chondrite that contains elements not found on Earth. The Allende Meteorite is one of the most widely studied meteorites; its age is pre-solar dating two million years before our solar system. This remnant of a super nova  contains a radio-active isotope, Aluminum 26,[8] that serves as an atomic clock in measuring the age of our solar system.

Art and philosophy

Time, Among Other Things, juxtaposes two clocks: the Bovet Fleurier mechanical pocket watch and the Allende carbonaceous chondrite meteorite (Fig. 8). Both measure time; one on a human scale, the other on a cosmological scale creating an artwork that is a cultural artifact that leaves a human footprint. Chinese contributions to art, science, and technology, and the understanding thereof, have existed for thousands of years.

With the passage of time, the perception of historical events becomes altered and even forgotten. The unfair treatment of Qian Xuesen by the United States led to his unexpected exodus back to China. A great loss for the United States in terms of an incredible mind in the fields of science and rocketry, became at the same time, a revolutionary gain for China.

It is important to remember Qian Xuesen for who he was and the events in his lifetime that contributed tremendously to the development and history of Chinese rocketry. Qian Xuesen died on October 31, 2009. He was 98 years old [9].

The two components

Chinese Export Market Pocket Watch

Length: 56mm
Height:  78mm
Depth:  15mm
Weight: 102 grams

Allende Meteorite  (1969)

Length:  33mm
Height:  27mm
Depth:  19mm
Weight: 16 grams

Mounted in an appropriate location on the spacecraft (to be determined), an aluminum or titanium enclosure will contain the watch and the meteorite. The shape options and dimensions for the enclosure are flexible to accommodate the spacecraft. The outer surface of the enclosure cover will contain a photo-etched image of Qian Xuesen.

We communicate through art with symbols that transcend the boundaries of time and culture. —Richard Clar [10] 

Richard Clar Biography

Richard Clar is a member of the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) [11]. He is one of the early pioneers of art-in-space, beginning his work in this genre in 1982 with the design of Spaceflight Dolphin, and art-payload for the US Space Shuttle. Philosophical in nature, themes for Richard Clar's art-in-space projects include: space environment issues, such as orbital debris; war and peace; the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), and water management on Earth. The work of Richard Clar has been exhibited in museums, galleries, and universities in the United States and Europe and may be found in corporate collections such as JBL Sound and the MGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas. More information may be found on his website.

References

1. Qian Xuesen
Caltech - GALCIT
http://galcit.caltech.edu/about/qian
Retrieved 4 May 2019.

2. Theodore Von Karman
New Mexico Museum of Space history
International Space Hall of Fame
http://www.nmspacemuseum.org/halloffame/detail.php?id=31
Retrieved 4 May 2019.

3. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov
Retrieved 23 February 2020.

4. Bovet Fleurier history:
https://www.bovet.com/the-maison/history/1797-1835/
Retrieved 23 February 2020.

5. City of Stockton, California History
http://www.stocktongov.com/discover/history/hist.html
Retrieved 23 February 2020.

6. Mr. Pascal Raffy
owner of Bovet company
https://www.bovet.com/the-maison/portrait-of-pascal-raffy/
Retrieved 23 February 2020.

7. Allende Meterorite
https://www.britannica.com/science/Allende-meteorite
Retrieved 23 February 2020.
Copyright 2018 Richard Clar

8. Aluminum-26
http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Nov09/Al-26-distribution.html
Retrieved 23 February 2020.

9. Qian Xuesen obituary
The Guardian
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2009/nov/01/qian-xuesen-obituary
Retrieved 17 January 2020.

10. Richard Clar
Quotes about Symbols #12
http://www.art-quotes.com/getquotes.php?catid=299#.XlJ15i2ZPBI
Retrieved 23 February 2020.

11. International Academy of Astronautics (IAA)
https://iaaweb.org/content/view/246/378/
Retrieved 23 February 2020.